Valentine’s Day, also known as St Valentine’s Day, is recognized in most Christian lead countries around the world. The word valentine comes from ancient roman days. ‘Valens’, in Latin, means worthy. The Latin meaning of valentine is; Valentinus and represents several martyred saints of the time. There are many different legends and versions of the origin of Valentine’s Day.
The most stated legend is that during 3rd Century Rome, Emperor Claudius II made it illegal for young men to marry. He felt young, single men were better soldiers. Valentine, a man of the cloth, thought that it was a great injustice and would secretly marry young couples. When he was discovered, he was condemned to death and therefore became known as a martyr (one that will choose death over renouncing religious principles or beliefs). He was buried outside of Rome on February 14. A different version suggests that Valentine was persecuted for helping Christians escape Roman prisons and the day of his death was then noted. Another legend is that commemorating this date was an effort to integrate Christianity with the Pagan celebration of Lupercalia. This was a belief that spring began in the middle of February and was seen as a time of purification and fertility when rituals and animal sacrifices where performed. Then there are some cultures that relate this day to romance based on mating habits of birds and other animals.
It was Pope Gelasius, in 496 who began the first celebration for the Saint Valentine, declaring it a holiday. The idea came from the Calendar of 354 written for and dedicated to a Roman man of wealth named, Valentius. It mentions the martyred Saints of Valentine. He established this day after the Roman lottery for pairing couples was declared illegal and un-Christian.
However, over the centuries the purpose and meaning of recognizing this day has changed and varied over decades and across societies. The applied versions become largely based on popular novels, articles and represented images of the times and places. Generally, idealizing the practice of romance and the emotion of love on this day came from 14th Century England. It was then associated with Courtly Love, a medieval European concept of expressing love & admiration between members of nobility. Over time this concept has become somewhat misconstrued, as this shared affection was kept secret. It was considered an erotic desire combined with a spiritual attainment that husbands and wives did not share.
The icon closely associated with Valentine’s Day is Cupid (a nude boy with wings holding a bow and arrow), in Latin it’s meaning is desire. Cupid is the god of erotic love and beauty in Roman Mythology. It was believed he brought an intimate message of romantic love to the souls of deserving couples.
Today, even though its original purpose has mostly been lost, it is a day for showing others that you hold them in your heart. It is a day representing love, affection and admiration.